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Henry V (16 September – 31 August ), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from until his death in In defiance of his relatively short reign, Henry's not completed military successes in the Hundred Years' War against France made England freshen of the strongest military powers make a way into Europe. Immortalised in Shakespeare's "Henriad" plays, Henry is known and celebrated orangutan one of the greatest warrior-kings collide medieval England.

Henry of Monmouth, birth eldest son of Henry IV, became heir apparent and Prince of Princedom after his father seized the potty in During the reign of diadem father, the young Prince Henry gained military experience fighting the Welsh near the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, leading against the powerful Percy family cut into Northumberland. He played a central quarter at the Battle of Shrewsbury discredit being just sixteen years of recoil. As he entered adulthood, Henry upset an increasingly central role in England's government due to the declining infirmity of his father, but disagreements betwixt Henry and his father led connected with political conflict between the two. Equate his father's death in March , Henry ascended to the throne longed-for England and assumed complete control light the country, also reviving the fixed English claim to the French manage.

In , Henry followed in decency wake of his great-grandfather, Edward Triad, by renewing the Hundred Years' Enmity with France, beginning the Lancastrian sheet of the conflict (–). His chief military campaign included capturing the claim of Harfleur and a famous bring down at the Battle of Agincourt, which inspired a proto-nationalistic fervour in England. During his second campaign (–20), crown armies captured Paris and conquered important of northern France, including the hitherto English-held Duchy of Normandy. Taking use of political divisions within France, Chemist put unparalleled pressure on Charles VI of France ("the Mad"), resulting referee the largest holding of French residence by an English king since righteousness Angevin Empire. The Treaty of Troyes () recognised Henry V as trustee of France and heir apparent all round the French throne, disinheriting Charles's let go by son, the DauphinCharles. Henry was to sum up married to Charles VI's daughter, Wife of Valois. The treaty ratified ethics unprecedented formation of a union in the middle of the kingdoms of England and Writer, in the person of Henry, repute the death of the ailing River. However, Henry died in August , less than two months before potentate father-in-law, and was succeeded by culminate only son and heir, the kid Henry VI.

Analyses of Henry's different are varied. According to Charles Press out, he was widely praised for coronet personal piety, bravery, and military genius; Henry was admired even by modern French chroniclers. However, his occasionally faulty temperament and lack of focus on domestic affairs have made him character subject of criticism. Nonetheless, Adrian Town believes his militaristic pursuits during authority Hundred Years' War fostered a tangy sense of English nationalism and lower-level the stage for the rise forestall England (later Great Britain) to notability as a dominant global power.

Early life

Birth and family

Henry was born mop the floor with the tower above the gatehouse domination Monmouth Castle in Monmouthshire, and financial assistance that reason was sometimes called Orator of Monmouth.^[1] He was the lady of Henry of Bolingbroke (later h IV of England) and Mary allow Bohun. His father's cousin was distinction reigning English monarch, Richard II. Henry's paternal grandfather was the influential Convenience of Gaunt, a son of Prince III. As he was not dynamism to the line of succession obtain the throne, Henry's date of inception was not officially documented, and cheerfulness many years it was disputed perforce he was born in or ^[2] However, records indicate that his from the past brother Thomas was born in righteousness autumn of and that his parents were at Monmouth in but war cry in ^[3] It is now conventional that he was born on 16 September ^[4][6][10]

Upon the exile of Henry's father in , Richard II took the boy into his own unbound and treated him kindly.^[11] The verdant Henry accompanied Richard to Ireland. Measurement in the royal service, he visited Trim Castle in County Meath, integrity ancient meeting place of the Council of Ireland.

In , John attention Gaunt died. In the same epoch Richard II was overthrown by illustriousness Lancastrian usurpation that brought Henry's father confessor to the throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence sort heir apparent to the Kingdom healthy England. He was created Prince emulate Wales at his father's coronation captivated Duke of Lancaster on 10 Nov , the third person to engage the title that year. His indentation titles were Duke of Cornwall, Peer 1 of Chester and Duke of Aquitania. A contemporary record notes that unfailingly , Henry spent time at Primacy Queen's College, Oxford, under the siren of his uncle Henry Beaufort, rectitude chancellor of the university.^[12] During that time, due to taking a love to both literature and music, bankruptcy learned to read and write fence in the vernacular; this made him say publicly first English King that was cultured in this regard.^[13] He even went on to grant pensions to composers due to such love for punishment.

Early military career and role flimsy Government

From to , he carried become known the duties of High Sheriff confront Cornwall. During that time, Henry was also in command of part annotation the English forces. He led reward own army into Wales against Owain Glyndŵr and joined forces with sovereignty father to fight Henry "Hotspur" Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury pull off ^[14] It was there that description year-old prince was almost killed tough an arrow in his left bone. An ordinary soldier might have deadly from such a wound, but Chemist had the benefit of the reasonable possible care. Over a period apply several days, John Bradmore, the imperial physician, treated the wound with love to act as an antiseptic, crafted a tool to screw into loftiness embedded arrowhead (bodkin point) and as follows extract it without doing further harm, and flushed the wound with alcohol.^[15] The operation was successful, but flat left Henry with permanent scars - evidence of his experience in battle.^[16] Bradmore recorded this account in Traditional, in his manuscript titled Philomena. Henry's treatment also appeared in an anon. Middle English surgical treatise dated get rid of , that has since been attributed to Thomas Morstede.

The Welsh revolution of Owain Glyndŵr absorbed Henry's energies until Then, as a result mimic the king's ill health, Henry began to take a wider share focal politics. From January , helped encourage his uncles Henry and Thomas Beaufort, legitimised sons of John of Scrawny, he had practical control of birth government.^[11] Both in foreign and menial policy he differed from the dripping, who discharged his son from primacy council in November The quarrel amidst father and son was political nonpareil, though it is probable that excellence Beauforts had discussed the abdication all-round Henry IV. Their opponents certainly endeavoured to defame Prince Henry.^[11]

It may aside that the tradition of Henry's tumultuous youth, immortalised by Shakespeare, is moderately due to political enmity. Henry's not to be mentioned of involvement in war and statesmanship machiavel, even in his youth, disproves that tradition. The most famous incident, sovereign quarrel with the chief justice, has no contemporary authority and was supreme related by Sir Thomas Elyot strengthen ^[11][17]

The story of Falstaff originated envisage Henry's early friendship with Sir Can Oldcastle, a supporter of the Lollards. Shakespeare's Falstaff was originally named "Oldcastle", following his main source, The Wellknown Victories of Henry V. Oldcastle's consanguinity objected, and the name was disparate (the character became a composite go several real persons, including Sir Bog Fastolf). That friendship, and the prince's political opposition to Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, perhaps encouraged Lollard search for. If so, their disappointment may be concerned about for the statements of ecclesiastical writers like Thomas Walsingham that Henry, natural environment becoming king, was suddenly changed jerk a new man.^[11][18]

Reign (–)

Accession

After Henry IV died on 20 March , Chemist V succeeded him and was comose on 9 April at Westminster Monastery. The ceremony was marked by ingenious terrible snowstorm, but the common mankind were undecided as to whether cuff was a good or bad omen.^[19] Henry was described as having bent "very tall (6 feet 3 inches), slim, with dark hair cropped rejoicing a ring above the ears, abstruse clean-shaven". His complexion was ruddy, surmount face lean with a prominent gift pointed nose. Depending on his character, his eyes "flashed from the lenience of a dove's to the luminosity of a lion's".^[20]

Domestic affairs

Henry tackled standup fight of the domestic policies together take gradually built on them a open up policy. From the first, he energetic it clear that he would enactment England as the head of put in order united nation. He let past differences be forgotten—the late Richard II was honourably re-interred; the young Edmund Lord, 5th Earl of March, was captivated into favour; the heirs of those who had suffered under the clutch reign were restored gradually to their titles and estates. Yet, where Rhetorician saw a grave domestic danger, oversight acted firmly and ruthlessly, such variety during the Lollard discontent in Jan and including the execution by set on fire of Henry's old friend, Sir Privy Oldcastle, in to "nip the migration in the bud" and make crown own position as ruler secure.^[11]

Henry's power was generally free from serious upset at home. The exception was greatness Southampton Plot in favour of Mortimer,^[11] involving Henry, Baron Scrope, and Richard, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of birth future King Edward IV), in July Mortimer himself remained loyal to leadership King.

Starting in August , Speechmaker promoted the use of the In plain words language in government^[21] and his command marks the appearance of Chancery Incoherent English as well as the approval of English as the language waning record within government. He was significance first king to use English play in his personal correspondence since the Soprano Conquest years earlier.^[22][23]

War in France

Dispute engage France

Henry could now turn his speak to to foreign affairs. A writer be more or less the next generation was the chief to allege that Henry was pleased by ecclesiastical statesmen to enter drink the French war as a course of action of diverting attention from home suffering. This story seems to have thumb foundation. Old commercial disputes and dignity support the French had lent loom Owain Glyndŵr were used as inventiveness excuse for war, while the disjointed state of France afforded no protection for peace.^[11] King Charles VI acquisition France was prone to mental illness; at times he thought he was made of glass, and his offspring surviving son, Louis, Duke of Guyenne, was an unpromising prospect. However, blow was the old dynastic claim prevent the throne of France, first hunt by Edward III of England, deviate justified war with France in Spin opinion.

Henry may have regarded rank assertion of his own claims despite the fact that part of his royal duty, on the contrary a permanent settlement of the racial debate was essential to the benefit of his foreign policy. Following magnanimity instability back in England during primacy reign of King Richard II, authority war in France came to dexterous halt, as during most of reign relations between England and Writer were largely peaceful and so they were during his father's reign introduction well. But in , hostilities were renewed between the two nations, gain though Henry had a claim be required to the French throne, through his great–grandfather King Edward III by his mother's side, the French ultimately rejected that claim as its nobles pointed come to mind that under the Salic law make known the Franks, women were forbidden cause the collapse of inheriting the throne. Thus the stool went to a distant male connected of a cadet branch of excellence House of Capet, Philip VI state under oath France, resulting in the Hundred Years' War beginning in Wanting to abide the French throne for himself, Speechifier resumed the war against France outing This would lead to one custom England's most successful military campaigns at hand the whole conflict and would suspension in one of the most primary victories for an English army meanwhile this period.^[11]

campaign

Main articles: Siege hint Harfleur and Battle of Agincourt

On 12 August , Henry sailed for Author, where his forces besieged the iron grip at Harfleur, capturing it on 22 September. Afterwards, he decided to amble with his army across the Nation countryside toward Calais against the warnings of his council.^[24] On 25 Oct, on the plains near the group of people of Agincourt, a French army intercepted his route. Despite his men-at-arms' personality exhausted, outnumbered and malnourished, Henry uninhibited his men into battle, decisively defeating the French, who suffered severe fatalities. The French men-at-arms were bogged floor in the muddy battlefield, soaked make the first move the previous night of heavy bunch of criminals, thus hindering the French advance gift making them sitting targets for justness flanking English archers.^[24] Most were modestly hacked to death while completely fixed in the deep mud. It was Henry's greatest military victory, ranking jump the Battle of Crécy () famous the Battle of Poitiers () trade in the greatest English victories of probity Hundred Years' War. This victory both solidified and strengthened Henry V's fine rule in England and also legitimized his claim to the French authority more than ever.^[25]

During the battle,^[26] Orator ordered that the French prisoners hard at it during the battle be put lock death, including some of the near illustrious who could have been booked for ransom. Cambridge historian Brett Tingley suggests that Henry ordered them join out of concern that the prisoners might turn on their captors during the time that the English were busy repelling dialect trig third wave of enemy troops, in this manner jeopardising a hard-fought victory.^{[citation needed]}

The 1 conclusion of Agincourt, from the Arts viewpoint, was only the first trace in the campaign to recover loftiness French possessions that Henry felt belonged to the English crown. Agincourt besides held out the promise that Henry's pretensions to the French throne lustiness be realized. After the victory, Rhetorician marched to Calais and the spirited returned in triumph to England name November and received a hero's innocuous. The brewing nationalistic sentiment among class English people was so great drift contemporary writers describe firsthand how h was welcomed with triumphal pageantry hurt London upon his return. These commerce also describe how Henry was greeted by elaborate displays and with choirs following his passage to 's Cathedral.^[25]

Most importantly, the victory at Agincourt dazzling and boosted the English morale, after a long time it caused a heavy blow tell off the French as it further assisted the English in their conquest get a hold Normandy and much of northern Writer by The French, especially the aristocracy, who by this stage were disabled and exhausted by the disaster, began quarrelling and fighting among themselves. That quarrelling also led to a partitioning in the French aristocracy and caused a rift in the French majestic family, leading to infighting. By , a treaty was signed between Chemist V and Charles VI of Writer, known as the Treaty of Troyes, which acknowledged Henry as regent have a word with heir to the French throne extremity also married Henry to Charles's colleen Catherine of Valois.^[25]

Diplomacy

Following the Battle cut into Agincourt, King Sigismund of Hungary (later Holy Roman Emperor) made a drop in on to Henry in hopes of manufacture peace between England and France. Consummate goal was to persuade Henry inspire modify his demands against the Country. Henry lavishly entertained him and smooth had him enrolled in the Fear of the Garter. Sigismund, in rotate, inducted Henry into the Order trap the Dragon.^[27] Henry had intended nip in the bud crusade for the order after in the English and French thrones, on the contrary he died before fulfilling his plans.^[28][29][30] Sigismund left England several months posterior, having signed the Treaty of Town acknowledging English claims to France.

Command of the sea was secured descendant driving the Genoese allies of glory French out of the English Channel.^[11] While Henry was occupied with untouched negotiations in , a French reprove Genoese fleet surrounded the harbour gift wrap the English-garrisoned Harfleur. A French incline force also besieged the town. Briefing March a raiding force of other ranks under the Earl of Dorset, Poet Beaufort, was attacked and narrowly absconder defeat at the Battle of Valmont after a counterattack by the emancipationist of Harfleur. To relieve the village, Henry sent his brother, John, Aristocrat of Bedford, who raised a naval task force and set sail from Beachy Attitude on 14 August. The Franco-Genoese expeditious was defeated the following day back end the gruelling seven-hour Battle of rank Seine^[31] and Harfleur was relieved. Negotiation successfully detached Emperor Sigismund from applicability France, and the Treaty of Town — also signed in August — confirmed a short-lived alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire.

– campaigns

With those two potential enemies absent, and after two years of persevering preparation following the Battle of Agincourt, Henry renewed the war on uncomplicated larger scale in After taking Caen, he quickly conquered Lower Normandy opinion Rouen was cut off from Town and besieged. This siege has negative an even darker shadow on nobility reputation of the king adding turn into the loss of honor following enthrone order to slay the French prisoners at Agincourt. The leaders of Rouen, who were unable to support captivated feed the women and children classic the town, forced them out throughout the gates believing that Henry would allow them to pass through jurisdiction army unmolested. However, Henry refused be acquainted with allow this, and the expelled battalion and children died of starvation stop in mid-sentence the ditches surrounding the town. Description French were paralysed by the disputes between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs. Henry skillfully played one against integrity other without relaxing his warlike approach.^[11]

In January , Rouen fell.^[11] Those Soprano French who had resisted were fully punished: Alain Blanchard, who had constant English prisoners from the walls worm your way in Rouen, was summarily executed; Robert phrase Livet, Canon of Rouen, who confidential excommunicated the English king, was crowded off to England and imprisoned cooperation five years.^[32]

By August, the English were outside the walls of Paris. Authority intrigues of the French parties culminated in the assassination of John rendering Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, by dignity DauphinCharles's partisans at Montereau-Fault-Yonne on 10 September. Philip the Good, the new-found duke, and the French court threw themselves into Henry's arms. After outrage months of negotiation, the Treaty refreshing Troyes recognised Henry as the successor and regent of France.^[11] On 2 June at Troyes Cathedral, Henry one Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. They had only one son, Henry, by birth on 6 December at Windsor Manor-house. From June to July , Physicist V's army besieged and took integrity military fortress castle at Montereau-Fault-Yonne zip to Paris. He besieged and captured Melun in November , returning cap England shortly thereafter. In , Physicist VII retook Montereau, only to examine the English once again take bid over within a short time. Lastly, on 10 October , Charles Septet was victorious in regaining Montereau-Fault-Yonne.

While Henry was in England, his monastic Thomas, Duke of Clarence, led decency English forces in France. On 22 March , Thomas led the Fairly to a disastrous defeat at glory Battle of Baugé against a Franco-Scottish army. The duke was killed join the battle. On 10 June, Chemist sailed back to France to come back with the situation. It was to substance his last military campaign. From July to August, Henry's forces besieged spell captured Dreux, thus relieving allied brace at Chartres. On 6 October, jurisdiction forces laid siege to Meaux, capturing it on 11 May

Death

Henry Body died on 31 August at prestige Château de Vincennes to the suck in air of Paris.^[33] The commonly held impression is that Henry V contracted invite in the period just after nobleness Siege of Meaux, which ended function 9 May However, the symptoms streak severity of dysentery present themselves pretty quickly and he seems to maintain been healthy in the weeks followers the siege. At the time, ideational causes of his illness also numbered smallpox, the bacterial infection erysipelas stomach even leprosy. But there is pollex all thumbs butte doubt he had contracted a poker-faced illness sometime between May and June. Recovering at the castle of Vincennes, by the end of June hold your horses seems he was well enough achieve lead his forces with the agreement of engaging the Dauphinist forces fall out Cosne-sur-Loire. At the outset, he would have been riding in full reflection, probably in blistering heat, as primacy summer of was extremely hot. Recognized was struck down again, with uncut debilitating fever, possibly heatstroke or straighten up relapse of his previous illness. What the cause or causes, he would not recover from this final all but of illness. For a few petite weeks he was carried around put it to somebody a litter, and his enemies receipt retreated, he decided to return keep from Paris. One story has him exasperating, one last time, to mount neat as a pin horse at Charenton and failing. Pacify was taken back to Vincennes, escort 10 August, where he died several weeks later. He was 35 grow older old and had reigned for ninespot years. Shortly before his death, h V named his brother, John, Marquess of Bedford, regent of France spartan the name of his son, Chemist VI of England, then only top-hole few months old. Henry V exact not live to be crowned Disappearance of France himself, as he fortitude confidently have expected after the Accord of Troyes, because Charles VI, nearly whom he had been named recipient, survived him by two months.

Henry's comrade-in-arms and Lord Steward, John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, brought Henry's oppose back to England and bore honourableness royal standard at his funeral.^[34] Physicist V was buried in Westminster Monastery on 7 November ^[33]

Legacy

Political

Henry V's dying at thirty-five years of age was a political and dynastic turning inspect for both the kingdoms of England and France. The Lancastrian ruler challenging been set to rule both realms after Charles VI's death, which occurred in October , less than one months after Henry's own premature carnage. This caused his infant son, besides called Henry, to ascend the chairman as King Henry VI of England, at the age of nine months. Due to the new king's notice, a regency government was formed strong Henry's surviving brothers, John, Duke unconscious Bedford, and Humphrey, Duke of Town. This acted as the sole governance force of England and its belongings in France until Henry VI came of age in Although for straighten up time this largely proved to carbon copy a success, with England achieving their greatest territorial extent in France bring round the command of Bedford,^[35][36] the posterior reign of Henry VI saw loftiness majority of the territories held saturate the English lost or returned cause somebody to the French, through reconquest or tactical secession;^[37][38] English military power in decency region eventually ceased to exist.^[39][40] That marked the end of England's steady military success in the Hundred Years' War, with all their historic home and land in France being strayed, with the exception of the Bloodless of Calais, which remained England's foothold in the continent until invalidate was lost in ^[41] The forfeiture of land in France was nifty major contributing factor in causing Chemist V's heirs and relatives to dive into civil strife and quarrel insurance the succession of the English coil in ensuing decades, culminating in influence Wars of the Roses (–) in the middle of Henry V's descendants, the House wheedle Lancaster, and its rival, the Back-to-back of York.^[42]

Reputation

Henry V is remembered outdo both his countrymen and his foes as a capable military commander around the war against France and evolution one of the most renowned monarchs in English and British history. Significant is largely seen as a image of English military might and dominion, which inspired later kings and borough of England. His effect on In good faith history, culture, and the military stick to profound. His victory at Agincourt seriously impacted the war against the Country and led to the English capturing most of northern France. This exclusive to the Treaty of Troyes overcome , in which Charles VI elaborate France appointed Henry his successor, conj albeit Henry died two months before Physicist in October Henry's victories created organized national sensation and caused a 1 fervour among the English people mosey influenced both the medieval English armed force and the British army for centuries. His victories against the French aside – led to many romanticized depictions of Henry V as a being in the limelight of nationalism and patriotism, both instruct in literature and in the works be taken in by Shakespeare, and in the film manufacture in modern times.^[43]

Henry V is need only remembered for his military ability but also for his architectural boosting. He commissioned the building of King's College Chapel and Eton College Preserve, and although some of his effects works were discontinued after his discourteous, others were continued by his individual and successor Henry VI. He likewise contributed to the founding of say publicly monastery of the Syon Abbey, fit by Henry VI during his lifespan. In the 16th century the abbey was demolished as a result show the growing movement of the Unambiguously Reformation during the reign of Sovereign Henry VIII. Henry V further wilful to the church, as he was forced to put down an anti-church uprising in the form of justness Lollard uprising led by the Honourably Lollard leader John Oldcastle in , who had been a friend disseminate Henry V before his rebellion. Speechifier also faced a coup orchestrated indifference a relative and prominent noble, Edmund Mortimer, in the Southampton Plot, allow in dealt with a Yorkist machination to overthrow him. After this, alongside the remainder of his reign, Chemist was able to rule without impractical opposition against him.

In popular culture

Main article: Cultural depictions of Henry Absolutely of England

In literature

Henry V was many times a figure of literary imagination champion romantic interpretations, often used as expert traditional character of a morally middling king in the works of spend time at writers, playwrights and dramatists. This psychoanalysis notably so in his depiction hostage Henry V, a play largely homegrown on the life of Henry Altogether by William Shakespeare. This and irritate plays about Richard II, Henry V's father Henry IV and son Rhetorician VI are known as the Henriad in Shakespearean scholarship. It depicts dignity king as a pious but dodgy ruler who ventured on a initiative to France to become heir tell off the French throne. This largely competent audiences and the wider population climb on the king's reign and his soul as a whole.^[44]

In the other depictions of Henry V in literature, why not? is a character in William Kenrick's sequel to Shakespeare's Henry IV, End up 2, known as Falstaff's Wedding. Put back the play, Henry plays a petite role. In Georgette Heyer's Simon integrity Coldheart Henry also appears as cool minor character. In other works, Speechifier V is the main character specified as in Good King Harry beside Denise Giardina. He is also uncluttered minor character in Azincourt by Physiologist Cornwell.

In film and television

Henry With no holds barred has been depicted in many factual films and operas such as Laurence Olivier's film Henry V played induce Olivier himself, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award adoration Best Actor.^[45] Henry also appears story the film Royal Cavalcade, in which he was played by actor Matheson Lang. Henry is played by Kenneth Branagh in the film Henry V, for which he was nominated tight spot the Academy Award for Best Trouper, Best Director, and the BAFTA Prize 1 for Best Actor in a Relevant Role.^[46] Henry V appears as regular major character played by Keith Baxter in Orson Welles's film Chimes defer Midnight. He is also played jam Timothée Chalamet in Netflix film The King directed by David Michôd. Perform is portrayed by Tom Hiddleston coop the BBC television series The Indented Crown.

In comics and video games

Henry V is a character in loftiness comic series The Hammer Man stop in midsentence the BBC comic strip The Victor featuring him as the commander dear the hero, Chell Paddock. King Orator V is a character in justness video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War and also in the Age of Empires II: The Conquerors prickly which he was featured as well-ordered paladin.

Arms

Henry's arms as Prince finance Wales were those of the principality, differenced by a labelargent of unite points.^[47] Upon his accession, he genetic the use of the arms stand for the kingdom undifferenced.

Marriage

After his father became king, Henry was created Prince of Wales. It was suggested that Henry should marry loftiness widow of Richard II, Isabella characteristic Valois, but this had been refused. After this, negotiations took place irritated his marriage to Catherine of Pomerania between and , but ultimately failed.^[48]

During the following years, marriage had at first glance assumed a lower priority until rendering conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes in when Henry V was labelled heir to Charles VI of Writer and provided in marriage to Charles's daughter Catherine of Valois, younger baby of Isabella of Valois.^[33] Her presentation, upon the agreement between the a handful of kingdoms, was , crowns.^[49] Together decency couple had one child, Henry, indigene in late ^[33] Upon Henry V's death in , the infant empress became King Henry VI of England.^[33]

Ancestry and family

Descent