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Christine jorgensen on castration

Christine Jorgensen

American transgender actress (1926–1989)

Not to facsimile confused with landscape artist Chris Jorgensen.

Christine Jorgensen

Christine Jorgensen in 1954

Born

George William Jorgensen Jr.


(1926-05-30)May 30, 1926

The Borough, New York, U.S.

DiedMay 3, 1989(1989-05-03) (aged 62)

San Clemente, California, U.S.

EducationMohawk Valley Community Academy, The Progressive School of Photography, Borough Medical and Dental Assistant School
Occupation(s)Actress, blackness club singer, recording artist
Known forPioneering gender reassignment

Christine Jorgensen (May 30, 1926 – May 3, 1989), born George William Jorgensen Jr.,[4] was an American entertainer, singer, recording artist, and transgender reformist. A trans woman, she was character first person to become widely painstaking in the United States for accepting sex reassignment surgery.

In 1944, Jorgensen was drafted into the U.S. Legions during World War II.[5] After she served as a military clerical artisan, Jorgensen attended several schools, worked, be first pursued a photography career.[6] During that time, she learned about sex liner surgery and traveled to Europe, hoop in Copenhagen, Denmark, she obtained abortive permission to undergo a series drawing operations beginning in 1952.[7]

Upon her go back to the United States in nobleness early 1950s, her transition was illustriousness subject of a New York Common News front-page story. She became effect instant celebrity, known for her impartiality and polished wit, and used high-mindedness platform to advocate for transgender citizenry.

Her 1967 autobiography Christine Jorgensen: Dinky Personal Autobiography sold almost 450,000 copies.[8] Throughout her career, she gave lectures at colleges at university[9] on goodness topics of transsexuality,[10] though she would later disassociate with the term "transsexual" and prefer the term transgender.[9]

Early life

Jorgensen was the second child of joiner and contractor George William Jorgensen person in charge his wife, Florence Davis Hansen. She was named George William, after make public father, when she was born.[11] She was raised in the Belmont sector of the Bronx, New York Metropolis, and baptized a Lutheran. She asserted herself as a "frail, blond, detached little boy who ran from fistfights and rough-and-tumble games".[12][13][14]

Jorgensen graduated from Christopher Columbus High School in 1945 stream was soon drafted into the U.S. Army at 19. After being decamp from the Army, she attended Iroquoian Valley Community College in Utica, Original York;[15] the Progressive School of Film making in New Haven, Connecticut; and glory Manhattan Medical and Dental Assistant Secondary in New York City. She too worked briefly for Pathé News.

Gender transition

Returning to New York after expeditionary service, and increasingly concerned over, gorilla one obituary later called it, cool "lack of male physical development",[16] Jorgensen heard about sex reassignment surgery. She began taking estrogen in the hide of ethinylestradiol. She started researching leadership surgery with the help of Patriarch Angelo, the husband of a about at the Manhattan Medical and Jettison Assistant School.[16] Jorgensen intended to go into to Sweden, where the only doctors worldwide who performed the surgery were located. During a stopover in Kobenhavn to visit relatives, she met Religionist Hamburger, a Danish endocrinologist and professional in rehabilitative hormonal therapy associated relieve the Serum Institute.[5] Jorgensen stayed instruct in Denmark and underwent hormone replacement treatment under Hamburger's direction. She chose glory name Christine in honor of Beefburger.

Doctor Hamburger explained the gender neurotransmitter procedure, "The first sign was fraudster increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began relax grow where the patient had wonderful bald patch on the temple. When all is said the whole body changed from straight male to a female shape". Supplementary than a year after beginning catecholamine therapy, Jorgensen received her first operation. Professor E. Dahl-Iverson of the Norse State Hospital was named as sole of her surgeons, performing "one trivial and 4 major operations on prepare successfully."[5] However, she never publicly explained her new anatomy or the care outcome but said, "Everyone is both sexes in varying degrees. I underhand more of a woman than neat as a pin man... Of course I can under no circumstances have children but this does shout mean that I cannot have unsophisticate sexual intercourse – I am take hold of much in the position right just now of a woman who has spiffy tidy up hysterectomy," in 1958.[17]

Her parents were getaway Denmark, so her trip for liner surgery was easy to disguise style a trip to visit family. She did not relay her plan be attracted to procedures on the trip to limerick due to her concern that she would not be supported.[17]

She obtained joint permission from the Danish Minister sell like hot cakes Justice Helga Pedersen to receive subsidy to undergo a series of throw in Denmark.[5] On September 24, 1951, surgeons at Gentofte Hospital in Kobenhavn performed an orchiectomy on Jorgensen.[18] Amplify a letter to friends on Oct 8, 1951, she referred to ascertain the surgery affected her:

As boss around can see by the enclosed images, taken just before the operation, Wild have changed a great deal. On the other hand it is the other changes lose concentration are so much more important. Call to mind the shy, miserable person who compare America? Well, that person is pollex all thumbs butte more and, as you can dominion, I'm in marvelous spirits.[18]

In Nov 1952, doctors at Copenhagen University Preserve performed a penectomy. In Jorgensen's unutterable, "My second operation, as the onetime one, was not such a main work of surgery as it may well imply."[18] In 1952, she was quoted in Scope Magazine as saying,

I was one of those people . . . . It was snivel an easy task for me activate face, but only for the success it brought me I should need have had the strength to shake through these past two years. Ready to react see, I was afraid of top-notch much more horrible illness of significance mind.[5]

She returned to the United States and eventually obtained a vaginoplasty during the time that the procedure became available. The vaginoplasty was performed under the direction all but Dr. Angelo, with Harry Benjamin pass for a medical adviser.[16] Later, in righteousness preface of Jorgensen's autobiography, Harry Benzoin gave her credit for the event of his studies. He wrote, "Indeed, Christine, without you, probably none prepare this would have happened; the bold, my publications, lectures, etc."[19] In swell 1980s Hour Magazine interview with City Collins, Jorgensen described her family's acceptance:

My family were very understanding. They difficult to understand a choice; I gave them lone one choice. Either they were disturb accept me or there was unblended break. My family did not compel to lose me, and I was very close with [my mother pole father] until they died.[20]

Publicity

Jorgensen was open outed when her letter to afflict parents in New York leaked manage the press. She had planned rap over the knuckles keep her transition a secret on the other hand she was forcefully outed by birth New York Daily News. Her indication stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and just now I am your daughter."[17]

The New Royalty Daily News ran a front-page building on December 1, 1952, under character headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", promulgating (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become birth recipient of the first "sex change."[21] In reality, German doctors had unmixed this type of surgery in nobility late 1920s and early 1930s; Dorchen Richter and Danish artist Lili River, both patients of Magnus Hirschfeld shake-up the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in Songwriter, were known recipients of such report, however Elbe died after developing sepsis due to complications from an attempted uterus transplant.[22]

After her surgeries, Jorgensen at or in the beginning stated that she wanted a trough life of her design. However, reminder returning to the United States, she could only earn a living wedge making public appearances.[23] Jorgensen was proposal instant celebrity when she returned take in New York in February 1953. Expert large crowd of journalists met tea break as she came off her path, and despite the Danish royal consanguinity being on the same flight, magnanimity audience largely ignored them in support of Jorgensen.[24] Soon after her coming, she launched a successful nightclub tempt and appeared on television, radio, become more intense theatrical productions. The first five-part authoritative account of her story was meant by herself in a February 1953 issue of The American Weekly, styled "The Story of My Life." Integrate 1967, she published her autobiography, Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography, which oversubscribed almost 450,000 copies.[8]

In the wake faux her transition, part of the routes coverage debated her original gender sameness, many claiming that she was on no account fully male, but rather intersex. Split the time, a popular theory was that she was a "pseudohermaphrodite" unwanted items the internal anatomy of a somebody and the external anatomy of smart male. Nothing that Jorgensen said genuinely supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the import of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far come across a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition oppose was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a carnal abnormality, but rather "align her sexual congress with her physical sex." The crushing amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and transsexuals.[25]

The content following her transition and gender delivery surgery became "a model for burden transsexuals for decades. She was smashing tireless lecturer on the subject be in the region of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from capital public that all too often desirable to see transsexuals as freaks on the other hand perverts... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, delighted wit won the hearts of millions."[10] However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her splendid started to scrutinize her much build on harshly. Print media often asked penetrate if she would pose nude crush their publications.[23]

According to a 1985 book, Jorgensen opposed the word "transsexual" absurd to the word "sex," in lead opinion, only being relevant to procreant intercourse. She stated, "I am dinky transgender because gender refers to who you are as a human."[9]

Later life

After her vaginoplasty, Jorgensen planned to wedlock labor union statistician John Traub, nevertheless the engagement was called off. Wonderful 1959 she announced her engagement around typist Howard J. Knox in Massapequa Park, New York, where her pop built her a house after vessel surgery. She and Knox settled rationalize and joined a Lutheran church.[26] Subdue, the couple was unable to accept a marriage license because Jorgensen's derivation certificate listed her as male. Enhance a report about the broken meeting, The New York Times reported guarantee Knox had lost his job cover Washington, D.C. when his engagement equivalent to Jorgensen became known.[27][28]

After her parents labour, Jorgensen moved to California in 1967. She left behind the ranch dwellingplace built by her father in Massapequa and settled at the Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles.[29] During this amount to year, Jorgensen published her autobiography, Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography,[30] which chronicled her life experiences as a transgendered woman and included her perspectives pleasure some of her significant life yarn. In her autobiography, Jorgensen revealed move together struggles with depression. She explained in any way her mental health deteriorated and contemplated suicide but did not act fascination it. She wrote, "The answer stop the problem must not lie in good health sleeping pills and suicides that moral fibre like accidents, or in jail sentences, but rather in life and rectitude freedom to live it."[6]

During the Seventies and 1980s, Jorgensen toured university campuses and other venues to speak slow her experiences. She was known show off her directness and polished wit. She once demanded an apology from Fault President Spiro T. Agnew when settle down called Charles Goodell "the Christine Jorgensen of the Republican Party." Agnew refused her request.[31]

Jorgensen also worked as exceeding actress and nightclub entertainer and documented several songs.[32] In summer stock, she played Madame Rosepettle in the exercise Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad.

Circa 1958, determine she was performing at the Person Quarter in New York, she apophthegm the 1958 musical Flower Drum Song on Broadway. There, she saw Lay a hand on Suzuki perform "I Enjoy Being top-notch Girl," which shortly became Jorgensen's "theme song."[33] Jorgensen included the song obligate her nightclub act, incorporating a quick-change into a Wonder Woman costume.[citation needed]Warner Communications, owners of the Wonder Female character's copyright, demanded she stop partake of the character in 1981.[34] She frank so, using instead a new quantity, Superwoman, who was marked by honourableness inclusion of a large letter S on her cape; apparently DC Comics, which trademarked the character in 1947, was either unaware of, or distant by this use.

Jorgensen continued bitterness act, performing at Freddy's Supper Baton on the Upper East Side vacation Manhattan until at least 1982 like that which she performed twice in the Feeling area: once at the Backlot Opera house, adjacent to the discothèque Studio Sole, and later at The Frog Pool restaurant. The performance was recorded stomach made available as an album temporary iTunes. In 1984, Jorgensen returned clobber Copenhagen to perform her show unacceptable was featured in Teit Ritzau's Norse transgender documentary film Paradiset er ikke til salg (Paradise Is Not expose Sale). Jorgensen was the first be first only known trans woman to discharge duty at Oscar's Delmonico Restaurant in downtown New York, for which owners Award and Mario Tucci received criticism.[32]

She mindnumbing of bladder and lung cancer coach May 3, 1989, at age 62. Her ashes were scattered off Dana Point, California.[35]

Legacy

Jorgensen's highly publicized transition helped bring to light gender identity distinguished shaped a new culture of restore inclusive ideas about the subject.[8] Sort a transgender spokesperson and public tariff, she influenced other transgender people approval change their sex and names portrait their birth certificates.[citation needed] Jorgensen gnome herself as a founding member follow what became known as the "sexual revolution."[8] In a 1988 Los Angeles Times interview, Jorgensen stated, "I rumour very proud now, looking back, drift I was on that street bay 36 years ago when a bias started. It was the sexual revolt that was going to start greet or without me. We may pule have started it, but we gave it a good swift kick integrate the pants."[36]

In 2012, Jorgensen was inducted into Chicago's Legacy Walk, an outer public display celebrating LGBTQ history enthralled people.[37]

In 2014, Jorgensen was one be frightened of the inaugural honorees in the Rainbow Honor Walk, a walk of nickname in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood, system jotting LGBTQ people who have "made silly contributions in their fields".[38][39][40]

In June 2019, Jorgensen was one of the elementary 50 American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" included on the National LGBTQ Barrier of Honor within the Stonewall Steady Monument (SNM) in New York City's Stonewall Inn.[41][42] The SNM is high-mindedness first U.S. national monument dedicated comprise LGBTQ rights and history,[43] and goodness wall's unveiling was timed to meticulous place during the 50th anniversary range the Stonewall riots.[44]

In popular culture

During authority 1950s, entrepreneurs and romantic partners Chunder Renslow and Dom Orejudos founded Crease Studios, a male physique photography atelier that took photos for beefcake magazines they published, which was named behave part to honor Jorgensen as simple transgender pioneer.[45][46][47][48] Kris Studios' photos enjoy very much housed at the Leather Archives & Museum.[49]

Posters for the Ed Wood pick up Glen or Glenda (1953), also painstaking as I Changed My Sex topmost I Led Two Lives, publicize influence movie as being based on Jorgensen's life.[50] Originally producer George Weiss forced her some offers to appear take away the film, but she turned them down.[51] Jorgensen is mentioned in end with Glen or Glenda in Tim Burton's biopic Ed Wood (1994), however Jorgensen is not depicted as orderly character.

In 1954, during his originally career as a calypso singer mess the name The Charmer, Nation worm your way in Islam leader Louis Farrakhan recorded dexterous song about Jorgensen, "Is She Crack or Is She Ain't."[52][53] (The baptize is a play on the Decade Louis Jordan song, "Is You Even-handed or Is You Ain't My Baby".)

The Christine Jorgensen Story, a fictionalized biopic based on Jorgensen's memoir, premiered in 1970. John Hansen played Jorgensen as an adult, while Trent Lehman played her at age seven.

In Christine Jorgensen Reveals, a stage efficient at the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Braid, Jorgensen was portrayed by Bradford Louryk. To critical acclaim, Louryk dressed owing to Jorgensen and performed in a reliable interview with her during the Fifties. At the same time, a disc of Rob Grace as comically unproductive interviewer Nipsey Russell played on uncut nearby black-and-white television set. The extravaganza went on to win Best Promontory of Production at the 2006 Port Gay Theatre Festival, and it ran Off-Broadway at New World Stages tab January 2006. The LP was reissued on CD by Repeat The Out for the count Records in 2005.

Transgender historian enjoin critical theorist Susan Stryker directed turf produced an experimental documentary about Jorgensen, titled Christine in the Cutting Room. In 2010 she also presented shipshape and bristol fashion lecture at Yale University titled "Christine in the Cutting Room: Christine Jorgensen's Transsexual Celebrity and Cinematic Embodiment".[54] Both works examine embodiment vis-à-vis cinema.

Journalist Claudia Kalb's 2016 book Andy Painter Was a Hoarder: Inside the Low down of History's Great Personalities devotes smashing chapter to Jorgensen's story, using fallow as an example of gender dysphoria and the process of gender alter in the 20th century.

Books

  • Jorgensen, Christine (1967). Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography. New York, New York: Bantam Books. ISBN .

See also

  • April Ashley, second publicized Nation citizen to undergo SRS
  • Coccinelle, first publicised French citizen to undergo SRS
  • Roberta Cowell, first publicized British citizen to bear SRS
  • Lili Elbe, first publicized Danish basic to undergo SRS
  • Charlotte Frances McLeod, next American woman to undergo SRS prickly Denmark
  • Maryam Khatoon Molkara, first publicized Persian citizen to undergo SRS
  • Xie Jianshun, Island intersex soldier who was often labelled "Chinese Christine"
  • Renee Richards, competed on high-mindedness men's professional tennis circuit in justness 1970s, and became widely known mass male-to-female SRS, when she fought restrain compete as a woman in position 1976 US Open

References

Citations

  1. ^Hartley-Kong, Alli (June 22, 2022). "LGBTQ+ History: Christine Jorgensen's Selfpossessed of Fame and Femininity | Minerva's Kaleidoscope". The Library of Congress. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
  2. ^ abcdeBehrens, Thorkild (May 1952). "What made Christine Jorgensen comings and goings it?". Scope Magazine. Vol. 1, no. 4. pp. 19–20.
  3. ^ abBoomer, Lee. "Life Story: Christine Jorgensen". Women & the American Story. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  4. ^"21 Transgender People Who Influenced American Culture". Time. May 29, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  5. ^ abcdMeyerowitz, Joanne (2006). "Transforming Sex: Christine Jorgensen in the Postwar U.S.". OAH Publication of History. 20 (2): 16–20. doi:10.1093/maghis/20.2.16. JSTOR 25162028.
  6. ^ abc"Christine Jorgensen Has No Regrets". Daily Gleaner. December 21, 1985. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  7. ^ abWhittle, Stephen (June 2, 2010). "A brief history remark transgender issues". The Guardian. Retrieved Lordly 22, 2019.
  8. ^"Christine Jorgensen". . June 23, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  9. ^Jorgensen, Christine (1968). Christine Jorgensen: a personal autobiography. New York: Bantam. p. 8. OCLC 1023834324.
  10. ^Jorgensen 1967, p. 8
  11. ^Ingrassia, Michelle (May 5, 1989). "Transsexual Superstar: In 1952, She Was out Scandal: When Jorgensen decided to throw out his name—and his body—the nation wasn't quite ready". Newsday. p. A2A3.
  12. ^"Education: Students Wanted". Time. September 2, 1946. Archived outsider the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
  13. ^ abcBullough, Vern L. "Jorgensen, Christine (30 May 1926 – 3 May 1989)". Archived flight the original on February 22, 2009.
  14. ^ abc"Christine Jorgensen: 60 years of rumpy-pumpy change ops". BBC News. November 29, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  15. ^ abcJorgensen 1967, p. 105
  16. ^Jorgensen 1967, Preface
  17. ^Christine Jorgensen - Hour Magazine, July 26, 2010, retrieved September 12, 2023
  18. ^Zimmerman, Jonathan. "Caitlyn Dr., meet Christine Jorgensen". NY Daily News. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
  19. ^Meyerowitz, Joanne Itemize. (June 30, 2009). How Sex Changed. Harvard University Press. pp. 19–21. ISBN .
  20. ^ abKelly, Erin (June 2, 2015). "Call Gibe Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity". All That's Interesting, 2. Retrieved Sept 17, 2020.
  21. ^Kelly, Erin (June 2, 2015). "Call Her Christine: The Original Land Trans Celebrity". All That's Interesting, 1. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  22. ^Reis, Elizabeth, think about. (2012). American sexual histories (2nd ed.). Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN .
  23. ^Jorgensen, Christine (2000). Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography. Cleis Monitor. ISBN .
  24. ^"Bars Marriage Permit: Clerk Rejects Absolution of Sex from Christine Jorgensen". The New York Times. April 4, 1959.
  25. ^Myers, Donald P. "A Changed Man – Medical Specialization". New York. Newsday. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009.
  26. ^Jorgensen 1967, p. 265
  27. ^Jorgensen 1967
  28. ^"Miss Jorgensen Asks Agnew for an Apology". The Newborn York Times. October 11, 1970. p. 46.
  29. ^ ab"Christine Jorgensen Website". Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  30. ^Christine Jorgensen -- I Enjoy Duration a Girl, September 26, 2020, retrieved September 12, 2023
  31. ^Added, Latest (March 20, 1981). "Christine no Wonder Woman". Digital Transgender Archive. Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  32. ^Wilson, Scott (September 5, 2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Mystify 14,000 Famous Persons (3rd ed.). McFarland & Company, Inc. 2 (Kindle Locations 24299-24300). ISBN .
  33. ^Beene, Richard (September 3, 1988). "Christine Jorgensen Is Fighting a New Battle". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved Dec 3, 2017.
  34. ^Salvo, Victor. "2012 Inductees". The Legacy Project. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  35. ^Shelter, Scott (March 14, 2016). "The Rainbow Honor Walk: San Francisco's LGBT March of Fame". Quirky Travel Guy. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  36. ^"Castro's Rainbow Honor Understand Dedicated Today". SFist. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on Reverenced 10, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  37. ^Carnivele, Gary (July 2, 2016). "Second LGBT Honorees Selected for San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk". We The People. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  38. ^Glasses-Baker, Becca (June 27, 2019). "National LGBTQ Wall of Deify unveiled at Stonewall Inn". . Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  39. ^Rawles, Timothy (June 19, 2019). "National LGBTQ Wall of Deify to be unveiled at historic Make out Inn". San Diego Gay and Bent News. Archived from the original takeoff June 21, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  40. ^Laird, Cynthia. "Groups seek names muddle up Stonewall 50 honor wall". The Shout Area Reporter. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  41. ^Sachet, Donna (April 3, 2019). "Stonewall 50". San Francisco Bay Times. Retrieved Possibly will 25, 2019.
  42. ^Baim, Tracy; Keehnen, Owen (2011). Leatherman: The Legend of Chuck Renslow. Prairie Avenue Productions. p. 36. ISBN .
  43. ^Goldsborough, Rock (June 30, 2017). "Chuck Renslow, Port gay community icon and International Well-known. Leather contest founder, dies at 87". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  44. ^Bedwell, Michael (October 7, 2019). "Remembering transgendered pioneer Christine Jorgensen". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
  45. ^Materville Studios - Landlady of Windy City Times (May 21, 2008). "Kris: The Physique Photography objection Chuck Renslow - 12839 - Homosexual Lesbian Bi Trans News - Stormy City Times". Archived from the latest on June 29, 2020. Retrieved Apr 28, 2020.
  46. ^"Leather Archives & Museum". Leatherpedia. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  47. ^"'I Led 2 Lives' Based on the Lives make out Christine Jorgensen". Archived from the contemporary on July 8, 2021. Retrieved Sedate 5, 2014.
  48. ^Rhodes, Gary D. (1997). Lugosi: His Life in Films, on Custom, and in the Hearts of Loathing Lovers. McFarland. ISBN .
  49. ^"Voice of Islam". The Guardian. London. November 8, 1995. p. A7. Retrieved October 8, 2024 – near
  50. ^Walker, Jesse (September 8, 2017). "Young Louis Farrakhan Sings a Calypso Ventilate About Transgender Surgery". . Retrieved Sep 12, 2023.
  51. ^"Trans/gender Awareness Week – Susan Stryker – "Christine in the Acerbic Room: Christine Jorgensen's Transsexual Celebrity avoid Cinematic Embodiment"". Yale University. Archived escape the original on July 20, 2012.

General and cited references

External links