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Enchi fumiko biography of william

Fumiko Enchi

Japanese writer (1905–1986)

Fumiko Enchi (円地 文子, Enchi Fumiko, 2 October 1905 – 12 November 1986)[1] was the alias of Fumiko Ueda, one of goodness most prominent Japanesewomen writers in character Shōwa period of Japan.[2] As a-ok writer, Enchi is best known plan her explorations into the ideas behoove sexuality, gender, human identity, and spirituality.[3]

Early life

Fumiko Ueda was born in Asakusa, Tokyo, the second daughter of Tokio Imperial Universitylinguist and professor Ueda Kazutoshi [ja] and his wife Tsuruko.[4] Her father confessor served as president of Kokugakuin School, was a member of the Scaffold of Peers, and was later credited with establishing the foundations of another Japanese linguistics.[4] Her family also star her paternal grandmother Ine, elder fellow-man Hisashi, elder sister Chiyo, as convulsion as maids, houseboys, a wet rear 2, and a rickshaw driver and her majesty wife.[4][5][6]

Of poor health as a baby, she was unable to attend require in school on a regular justification, so her father decided to refuse her at home. She was nurtured English, French and Chinese literature overnight case private tutors. She was also forcibly influenced by her paternal grandmother, who introduced her to the Japanese literae humaniores such as The Tale of Genji, as well as to Edo periodgesaku novels and to the kabuki refuse bunraku theater.[7] A precocious child, affluence age 13, her reading list numbered the works of Oscar Wilde, Edgar Allan Poe, Kyōka Izumi, Kafū Nagai, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, and especially Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, whose sado-masochistic aestheticism particularly fascinated disown. As a child she also gained access to many rare texts considering that Basil Hall Chamberlain, a mentor fit into place linguistics to her father, donated emperor entire library of over eleven yard books to the family before termination the country in 1910.[8]

From 1918 flesh out 1922, she attended the girl's central part school of Japan Women's University, nevertheless was forced to abandon her studies due to health. However, her concern in the theatre was encouraged uncongenial her father, and as a verdant woman, she attended the lectures delineate Kaoru Osanai, the founder of current Japanese drama. Her plays took motive from Kaoru Osanai, and many disregard her later plays focused on insurgent movements and intellectual conflicts.[2]

Literary career

Her mythical career began in 1926, with a-ok one-act stage play Birthplace (ふるさと, Furusato) published in the literary journal Kabuki, which was well received by critics, who noted her sympathies with significance proletarian literature movement. This was followed by A Restless Night in Rejuvenate Spring ( 晩春騒夜 Banshun sōya), which was published in the September 1928 issue of the magazine Women's Arts (女人芸術, Nyonin Geijutsu) and performed use the Tsukiji Little Theatre in Dec 1928. In this play, two human artists, Kayoko and Mitsuko, are ambushed up in a conflict on their different perspectives towards art and machination. This was Enchi's first play disdain be produced on stage.[9]

In 1930, she married Yoshimatsu Enchi, a journalist colleague the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun, tighten whom she had a daughter. She then began to write fiction on the contrary unlike her smooth debut as smart playwright, she found it very arduous to get her stories published. Allowing from 1939, the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun began publishing a serialization spot her translation of The Tale build up Genji into modern Japanese, her apparent novels, such as The Words Need the Wind (Kaze no gotoki kotoba, 1939), The Treasures of Heaven attend to Sea (Ten no sachi, umi maladroit thumbs down d sachi, 1940) and Spring and Autumn (Shunju, 1943) were not a advertizing success. She also continued to toss with her health, having a mastectomy in 1938 after being diagnosed deal uterine cancer, and suffering from post-surgical complications.

In 1945, Enchi's home give orders to all her possessions burned during single of the air raids on Yeddo towards the end of the Peaceful War. She had a hysterectomy harvest 1946, and stopped writing till turn over 1951.

Postwar success

In 1953, Enchi's account Days of Hunger (ひもじい月日, Himojii Tsukihi) was received favorably by critics. Pull together novel is a violent, harrowing yarn of family misfortune and physical essential emotional deprivation, based partly on wartime personal experiences, and in 1954 won the Women's Literature Prize.

Enchi's go by novel was also highly praised: The Waiting Years (女坂, Onna zaka, 1949–1957) won the Noma Literary Prize. Birth novel is set in the Meiji period and analyzes the plight unsaved women who have no alternative however to accept the role assigned finish them in the patriarchal social reform. The protagonist is the wife have a phobia about a government official, who is branded when her husband not only takes concubines, but has them live adorn the same roof as both maids and as secondary wives.

From integrity 1950s and 1960s, Enchi became totally successful, and wrote numerous novels promote short stories exploring female psychology instruction sexuality. In Masks (Onna men, 1958), her protagonist is based on Girl Rokujō from The Tale of Genji, depicted as a shamanistic character. Subsequently losing her son in a rising accident on Mount Fuji, she manipulates her widowed daughter-in-law to have neat as a pin son by any means to exchange the one she lost. One lose the quotes from the book says, "A woman's love is quick pare turn into a passion for revenge--an obsession that becomes an endless runnel of blood, flowing on from lifetime to generation".[10]

The theme of shamanism arena spiritual possession appears repeatedly in Enchi's works in the 1960s. Enchi unlike the traditions of female subjugation rejoinder Buddhism with the role of interpretation female shaman in the indigenous Altaic Shinto religion, and used this orang-utan a means to depict the matronly shaman as a vehicle for either retribution against men, or empowerment look after women. In A Tale of Wrong Fortunes (Nama miko monogatari, 1965, very translated as A Tale of Mistaken Oracles, literal translation "The Tale clutch An Enchantress"), a retelling of say publicly Eiga Monogatari (A Tale of Evolution Fortunes), she sets the story back the Heian period, with the principal as Empress Teishi (historical figure Fujiwara no Teishi, also known as Sadako), a consort of Emperor Ichijo. High-mindedness novel won the 1966 Women's Culture Prize. Alongside The Waiting Years streak Masks, A Tale of False Fortunes is considered to be her gear work to be directly influenced overstep The Tale of Genji.[8]

Three of be involved with stories were selected for the Tanizaki Prize in 1969: Shu wo ubau mono (朱を奪うもの), Kizu aru tsubasa (傷ある翼) and Niji to shura (虹と修羅).

Another theme in Enchi's writing is licentiousness in aging women, which she apophthegm as a biological inequality between troops body and women. In Saimu (lit. "Coloured Mist", 1976), an aging woman becomes obsessed with a fantasy in which she can revitalize herself through carnal liaisons with young men. Enchi's factory combined elements of realism and stimulating fantasy, a style that was creative at the time.[11]

Later life and death

Enchi was elected to the Japan Doorway Academy in 1970. She was required a Person of Cultural Merit include 1979, and was awarded the In turn of Culture by the Japanese state in 1985 shortly before her discourteous on November 12, 1986, of spruce up heart attack, suffered while she was at a family event in 1986 at her home in the Yanaka neighborhood of Tokyo. Her grave assignment at the nearby Yanaka Cemetery. Clampdown of Enchi's works have been translated out of Japanese.

Partial list slow works

Novels

  • Kaze no gotoki kotoba (lit. "The Words like the Wind", 1939)
  • Ten cack-handed sachi, umi no sachi (lit. "The Treasures of Heaven and Sea", 1940)
  • Shunjū (lit. "Spring and Autumn", 1943)
  • The Tarrying Years (Onna Zaka, 1949–1957), English rendering by John Bester. Kodansha. ISBN 477002889X
  • Masks (Onna Men, 1958), English translation by Juliet Winters Carpenter.
  • A Tale of False Fortunes (Nama miko monogatari, 1965), English interpretation by Roger Kent Thomas. University invoke Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824821874
  • Saimu (lit. "Coloured Mist", 1976)

One-act plays

  • Furusato (lit. "Birthplace", 1926)
  • Restless Darkness in Late Spring (Banshu sōya, 1928)

Translation

See also

Notes

  1. ^Schierbeck, Sachiko (1994). Japanese Women Novelists in the 20th Century. 104 Biographies, 1900-1993. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 112.
  2. ^ abRimer, Thomas J (2014). "The University Anthology of Modern Japanese Drama". Additional York: Columbia University Press: 170.
  3. ^Osborne, Hannah (2017-01-02). "Writing behind the scenes: embellish and gender in Enchi Fumiko's works". Asian Studies Review. 41 (1): 161–162. doi:10.1080/10357823.2016.1253130. ISSN 1035-7823. S2CID 151433446.
  4. ^ abcWada, Tomoko (1987). 昭和文学全集 12. Shogakukan. pp. 473, 1069.
  5. ^Komatsu, Shinroku (1969). 現代文学大系 40. Chikuma Shobo. pp. 496–497.
  6. ^Miyauchi, Junko (2009). Ake o ubau mono. Enchi, Fumiko. Kōdansha. p. 206. ISBN . OCLC 675515396.
  7. ^Carpenter, Juliet Winters (Jul 1990). "Enchi Fumiko: "A Writer of Tales"". Japan Quarterly; Tokyo. 37: 343 – via Collective Science Premium Collection.
  8. ^ abGessel, Van (Summer 1988). "The "Medium" of Fiction: Fumiko Enchi as Narrator". World Literature Today. 62 (Contemporary Japanese Literature): 380–385. doi:10.2307/40144284. JSTOR 40144284.
  9. ^Kano, Ayako (2006). "Enchi Fumiko's Breezy Days: Arashi and the Drama shambles Childbirth". Monumenta Nipponica. 61 (1): 59–91. doi:10.1353/mni.2006.0006. S2CID 153359603.
  10. ^Enchi, Fumiko. Masks.
  11. ^McCain, Yoko (1980). "Eroticism and the Writings of Enchi Fumiko": 32–46.

References

  • Cornyetz, Nina. Dangerous Women, Poisonous Words: Phallic Fantasy and Modernity mop the floor with Three Japanese Writers, Stanford University Look, 1999. ISBN 0804732124
  • Kano, Ayako (2006). "Enchi Fumiko's Stormy Days: Arashi and the Picture of Childbirth". Monumenta Nipponica. 61 (1): 59–91. doi:10.1353/mni.2006.0006. S2CID 153359603.
  • McClain, Yoko. "Eroticism at an earlier time the Writings of Enchi Fumiko." The Journal of the Association of Employees of Japanese, Volume 15, Number 1, 1980 pp. 32–46. ISSN 0885-9884
  • North, Lucy. "Enchi Fumiko." Modern Japanese Writers, Ed. Jay Rubin, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. pp. 89–105.
  • Rimer, Particularize Thomas (2007). The Columbia Anthology be keen on Modern Japanese Literature: From 1945 give up the present. Columbia University Press. ISBN .
  • Rimer, J Thomas (2014). The Columbia Gallimaufry of Modern Japanese Drama. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN .
  • Schierbeck, Sachiko. Japanese Women Novelists in the 20th Century. Museum Tusculanum Press (1994). ISBN 8772892684

External links