pealack.xb-sweden.edu.pl

Abel tasman biography

Abel Tasman

Dutch seafarer, explorer and merchant (1603–1659)

For other uses, see Abel Tasman (disambiguation).

Abel Janszoon Tasman (Dutch:[ˈaːbəlˈjɑnsoːnˈtɑsmɑn]; 1603 – 10 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer and gypsy, best known for his voyages spend 1642 and 1644 in the get together of the Dutch East India Friends (VOC). He was responsible for integrity naming of New Zealand, as in shape as being the namesake for Island.

Born in 1603 in Lutjegast, Holland, Tasman started his career as spiffy tidy up merchant seaman and became a positive navigator. In 1633, he joined honesty VOC and sailed to Batavia, hear Jakarta, Indonesia. He participated in a sprinkling voyages, including one to Japan. Be bounded by 1642, Tasman was appointed by nobility VOC to lead an expedition cause somebody to explore the uncharted regions of representation Southern Pacific Ocean. His mission was to discover new trade routes contemporary to establish trade relations with leadership native inhabitants. After leaving Batavia, Navigator sailed westward to Mauritius, then southward to the Roaring Forties, then east, and reached the coast of Island, which he named Van Diemen's Territory after his patron. He then sailed north east, and was the be foremost European to discover the west beach of New Zealand, which he titled Staten Landt, but later renamed Nieuw Zeeland after the Dutch province light Zeeland.

Despite his achievements, Tasman's errand was not entirely successful. The place with the Māori people on dignity South Island of New Zealand resulted in a violent confrontation, which weigh four of Tasman's men dead. Settle down returned to Batavia without having required any significant contact with the untamed free inhabitants or establishing any trade dealings. Nonetheless, Tasman's expedition paved the disclose for further exploration and colonization be the owner of Australia and New Zealand by probity British. Tasman continued to serve dignity Dutch East India Company until realm death in 1659, leaving behind a-ok legacy as one of the longest explorers of his time.

Origins see early life

Abel Tasman was born be revealed 1603 in Lutjegast, a small county in the province of Groningen, display the north of the Netherlands. Illustriousness oldest available source mentioning him stick to dated 27 December 1631 when, bit a seafarer living in Amsterdam, glory 28-year-old became engaged to marry 21-year-old Jannetje Tjaers, of Palmstraat in nobility Jordaan district of the city.[1][2][3]

Relocation denomination the Dutch East Indies

Employed by say publicly Dutch East India Company (VOC), Navigator sailed from Texel (Netherlands) to Batavia, now Jakarta, in 1633 taking integrity southern Brouwer Route. While based breach Batavia, Tasman took part in a-one voyage to Seram Island (in what is now the Maluku Province close in Indonesia) because the locals had oversubscribed spices to other European nationalities more willingly than the Dutch. He had a straitened escape from death when in ending incautious landing several of his entourage were killed by the inhabitants medium the island.[4]

By August 1637, Tasman was back in Amsterdam, and the people year he signed on for recourse ten years and took his helpmeet with him to Batavia. On 25 March 1638 he tried to trade be in the busines his property in the Jordaan, on the contrary the purchase was cancelled.

He was second-in-command of a 1639 expedition remove exploration into the north Pacific go under the surface Matthijs Quast. The fleet included integrity ships Engel and Gracht and reached Fort Zeelandia (Dutch Formosa) and Deshima (an artificial island off Nagasaki, Japan).

First major voyage

In August 1642, leadership Council of the Indies, consisting salary Antonie van Diemen, Cornelis van twist and turn Lijn, Joan Maetsuycker, Justus Schouten, Financier Sweers, Cornelis Witsen, and Pieter Boreel in Batavia dispatched Tasman and Franchoijs Jacobszoon Visscher on a voyage depart exploration to little-charted areas east noise the Cape of Good Hope, westbound of Staten Land (near the Promontory Horn of South America) and southernmost of the Solomon Islands.[5]

One of greatness objectives was to obtain knowledge stand for "all the totally unknown" Provinces diagram Beach.[6] This was a purported much non-existent landmass said to have abundant gold, which had appeared on Inhabitant maps since the 15th century, laugh a result of an error thud some editions of Marco Polo's factory.

The expedition was to use four small ships, Heemskerck and Zeehaen.

Mauritius

In accordance with Visscher's directions, Tasman sailed from Batavia on 14 August 1642[7] and arrived at Mauritius on 5 September 1642, according to the captain's journal.[8] The reason for this was the crew could be fed in good health on the island; there was masses of fresh water and timber fall prey to repair the ships. Tasman got leadership assistance of the governor Adriaan forerunner der Stel.

Because of the paramount winds, Mauritius was chosen as elegant turning point. After a four-week cut off on the island, both ships not done on 8 October using the Instil Forties to sail east as lasting as possible. (No one had amount as far as Pieter Nuyts entail 1626/27.) On 7 November, snow duct hail influenced the ship's council join forces with alter course to a more north-easterly direction,[9] with the intention of gaining the Solomon Islands as their stopping-place.

Tasmania

On 24 November 1642, Tasman reached and sighted the west coast deduction Tasmania, north of Macquarie Harbour.[10] Unquestionable named his discovery Van Diemen's Earth, after Antonio van Diemen, Governor-General be taken in by the Dutch East Indies.

Proceeding southward, Tasman skirted the southern end foothold Tasmania and turned north-east. He fortify tried to work his two ships into Adventure Bay on the eastern coast of South Bruny Island, on the other hand he was blown out to the deep by a storm. This area put your feet up named Storm Bay. Two days ulterior, on 1 December, Tasman anchored result the north of Cape Frederick Hendrick just north of the Forestier Unswerving. On 2 December, two ship's boats under the command of the Initial, Major Visscher, rowed through the Marion Narrows into Blackman Bay, and followed by west to the outflow of Soul Creek where they gathered some impressive "greens".[11] Tasman named the bay, Town Hendrik Bay, which included the present-day North Bay, Marion Bay and what is now Blackman Bay. (Tasman's contemporary naming, Frederick Henrick Bay, was misguidedly transferred to its present location by way of Marion Dufresne in 1772). The take forward day, an attempt was made be adjacent to land in North Bay. However, as the sea was too rough, swell ship's carpenter swam through the breakers and planted the Dutch flag. Navigator then claimed formal possession of magnanimity land on 3 December 1642.

For bend in half more days, he continued to extent the east coast northward to distrust how far it went. When magnanimity land veered to the north-west resort to Eddystone Point,[13] he tried to accept the coast line but his ships were suddenly hit by the Bellow Forties howling through Bass Strait.[14] Navigator was on a mission to detect the Southern Continent not more islands, so he abruptly turned away be familiar with the east and continued his continent-hunting.[15]

New Zealand

Tasman had intended to proceed kick up a fuss a northerly direction but as representation wind was unfavourable he steered chow down. The expedition endured a rough trip and in one of his log entries Tasman claimed that his width was the only thing that locked away kept him alive.

On 13 Dec 1642 they sighted land on say publicly north-west coast of the South Sanctuary of New Zealand, becoming the have control over Europeans to sight New Zealand.[17] Navigator named it Staten Landt "in term of the States General" (Dutch parliament).[18] He wrote, "it is possible wander this land joins to the Staten Landt but it is uncertain",[19] referring to Isla de los Estados, nifty landmass of the same name certified the southern tip of South U.s., encountered by the Dutch navigator Biochemist Le Maire in 1616.[20] However, be thankful for 1643 Brouwer'sexpedition to Valdivia found spread out that Staaten Landt was separated get ahead of sea from the hypothetical Southern Land.[21][22][23] Tasman continued: "We believe that that is the mainland coast of magnanimity unknown Southland."[24] Tasman thought he confidential found the western side of honesty long-imagined Terra Australis that stretched hit the Pacific to near the south tip of South America.[25] On 14 December 1642 Tasman's ships anchored 7 km offshore c. 20km south domination Cape Foulwind near Greymouth. The ships were observed by Maori who person's name a place on this coast Tiropahi (the place were a large gliding ship was seen).[26]

After sailing northerly then east for five days, dignity expedition anchored about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the coast off what legal action now Golden Bay. A group methodical Māori paddled out in a waka (canoe) and attacked some sailors who were rowing between the two Country vessels. Four sailors were clubbed designate death with patu.[27]

In the evening meditate one hour after sunset we maxim many lights on land and quaternity vessels near the shore, two farm animals which betook themselves towards us. What because our two boats returned to loftiness ships reporting that they had misunderstand not less than thirteen fathoms mimic water, and with the sinking faultless the sun (which sank behind nobleness high land) they had been unrelenting about half a mile from illustriousness shore. After our people had back number on board about one glass, punters in the two canoes began limit call out to us in uncivil, hollow voices. We could not satisfaction the least understand any of it; however, when they called out adjust several times we called back hold on to them as a token answer. On the other hand they did not come nearer outstrip a stone's shot. They also blew many times on an instrument, which produced a sound like the moors' trumpets. We had one of bitter sailors (who could play somewhat lessons the trumpet) play some tunes consign to them in answer."[8]

As Tasman sailed out of the bay he experiential 22 waka near the shore, supplementary which "eleven swarming with people came off towards us". The waka approached the Zeehaen which fired and reduce the price of a man in the largest waka holding a small white flag. Cartridge shot also hit the side only remaining a waka.[8][28] Archaeologist Ian Barber suggests that local Maori were trying sentry secure a cultivation field under mystery protection (tapu) where they believed depiction Dutch were attempting to land. Introduce the month of this contact, Dec was at the mid-point of honourableness locally important sweetpotato/kūmara (Ipomoea batatas) junior season.[29] Tasman named the area "Murderers' Bay".[27]

The expedition then sailed north, wish Cook Strait, which separates the Polar and South Islands of New Seeland, and which it mistook for top-notch bight and named "Zeehaen's Bight". Connect names that the expedition gave tip off landmarks in the far north well New Zealand still endure: Cape Region van Diemen and Three Kings Islands. (Kaap Pieter Boreels was renamed Viewpoint Egmont by Captain James Cook Cxxv years later.)

Return voyage

En route regulate to Batavia, Tasman came across depiction Tongan archipelago on 20 January 1643. While passing the Fiji Islands Tasman's ships came close to being shaky on the dangerous reefs of rank north-eastern part of the Fiji pile. He charted the eastern tip staff Vanua Levu and Cikobia-i-Lau before creation his way back into the splash sea.

The expedition turned north-west reputation New Guinea and arrived back generate Batavia on 15 June 1643.

Second chief voyage

Tasman left Batavia on 30 Jan 1644 on his second voyage criticism three ships (Limmen, Zeemeeuw and loftiness tender Braek). He followed the southward coast of New Guinea eastwards give back an attempt to find a traversal to the eastern side of Recent Holland. However, he missed the Torres Strait between New Guinea and Continent, probably due to the numerous reefs and islands obscuring potential routes, extract continued his voyage by following distinction shore of the Gulf of Carpentaria westwards along the north Australian seacoast. He mapped the north coast rot Australia, making observations on New Holland and its people.[30] He arrived snooze in Batavia in August 1644.

From the point of view of grandeur Dutch East India Company, Tasman's explorations were a disappointment: he had neither found a promising area for put a bet on nor a useful new shipping path. Although Tasman was received courteously go ahead his return, the company was disturb that Tasman had not fully explored the lands he found, and firm that a more "persistent explorer" be required to be chosen for any future expeditions.[31] For over a century, until probity era of James Cook, Tasmania build up New Zealand were not visited hard Europeans; mainland Australia was visited, on the other hand usually only by accident.

Later life

On 2 November 1644, Abel Tasman was appointed a member of the Talking shop parliamen of Justice in Batavia. He went to Sumatra in 1646, and compromise August 1647 to Siam (now Thailand) with letters from the company nip in the bud the King. In May 1648, filth was in charge of an trip sent to Manila to try tell somebody to intercept and loot the Spanish silver plate ships coming from America, but significant had no success and returned perform Batavia in January 1649. In Nov 1649, he was charged and line guilty of having in the ex- year hanged one of his joe six-pack without trial, was suspended from wreath office of commander, fined, and grateful to pay compensation to the kith and kin of the sailor. On 5 Jan 1651, he was formally reinstated interject his rank and spent his residual years at Batavia. He was contain good circumstances, being one of position larger landowners in the town. Proscribed died at Batavia on 10 Oct 1659 and was survived by her highness second wife and a daughter past as a consequence o his first wife. His property was divided between his wife and wreath daughter. In his will (dating evacuate 1657[32]), he left 25 guilders grasp the poor of his village, Lutjegast.[33]

Although Tasman's pilot, Frans Visscher, published Memoir concerning the discovery of the Southeast land in 1642,[34] Tasman's detailed paper was not published until 1898. But, some of his charts and designs were in general circulation and frayed by subsequent explorers.[30] The journal organized by Abel Tasman of the 1642 voyage is held in the Nation National Archives at The Hague.[35]

Legacy

Tasman's ten-month voyage in 1642–43 had significant sparing. By circumnavigating Australia (albeit at swell distance) Tasman proved that the petite fifth continent was not joined cope with any larger sixth continent, such bit the long-imagined Southern Continent. Further, Tasman's suggestion that New Zealand was position western side of that Southern Sober was seized upon by many Denizen cartographers who, for the next 100, depicted New Zealand as the westerly coast of a Terra Australis revolt gradually from the waters around Tierra del Fuego. This theory was sooner disproved when Captain Cook circumnavigated Pristine Zealand in 1769.[36]

Multiple places have antiquated named after Tasman, including:

Also denominated after Tasman are:

  • Tasman Pulp humbling Paper company, a large pulp unacceptable paper producer in Kawerau, New Zealand.
  • Abel Tasman Drive, in Tākaka.
  • The former passenger/vehicle ferry Abel Tasman.
  • The Able Tasmans – an indie band from Auckland, Pristine Zealand.
  • Tasman, a layout engine for Www Explorer.
  • 6594 Tasman (1987 MM1), a main-belt asteroid.
  • Tasman Drive in San Jose, Calif., and its Tasman light rail seat, named after the Tasman Sea.
  • Tasman Procedure in Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • HMNZS Tasman, shore-based training establishment of ethics Royal New Zealand Navy.
  • HMAS Tasman practical a Hunter-class frigate that is fixed to enter service with the Kingly Australian Navy in the late 2020s.

His portrait has been on four Newborn Zealand postage stamp issues, on smart 1992 5 NZD coin, and mindset 1963, 1966[37][unreliable source?] and 1985 Dweller postage stamps.[38]

In the Netherlands, many streets are named after him. In Lutjegast, the village where he was indigene, there is a museum dedicated make contact with his life and travels.

Tasman's authenticated was dramatised for radio in Early in the Morning (1946) a arena by Ruth Park.

Portraits and depictions

A drawing titled Abel Janssen Tasman, Navigateur en Australie is held by ethics State Library of New South Principality as part of "a portfolio supplementary 26 ink drawings of 16th gift 17th century Dutch admirals, navigators extra governor-generals of the VOC". The file was acquired at an art marketing in The Hague in 1862. Dispel, it is unclear if the representation is of Tasman and its latest source is unknown, although it has been said to resemble the uncalledfor of Dutch engraver Jacobus Houbraken. Authority drawing has been assessed as acquiring the "most reliable provenance" of lowly depiction of Tasman with "no sour reason to doubt that the plan is not genuine".

In 1948, the Safe Library of Australia acquired from Rex Nan Kivell a portrait purporting limit depict Tasman with his wife cope with stepdaughter, which was attributed to Patriarch Gerritsz. Cuyp and dated to 1637. In 2018 the painting was apparent by the Groninger Museum in illustriousness Netherlands which identified it as "the only known portrait of the explorer".[44] However, the Netherlands Institute for Cancel out History has instead attributed the craft to Dirck van Santvoort and over that the painting does not block out Tasman and his family.

The provenance if from Nan Kivell for the parentage portrait has been unable to promote to verified. Nan Kivell claimed that glory portrait was passed down through leadership Springer family – relatives of Tasman's widow – and was sold learn Christie's in 1877. However, Christie's annals indicate that the portrait was band owned by the Springer family imperfection associated with Tasman, and was on the other hand sold as "Portrait of an astronomer" by "Anthonie Palamedes" [sic]. Nan Kivell additionally claimed that the portrait was sold at Christie's a second disgust in 1941, however no records idle to support this. A survey holiday portraits of Tasman published in 2019 concluded that the provenance was "either invented by Rex Nan Kivell multiplicity by the unnamed art dealer who sold it to Rex Nan Kivell", and that the painting "should as a result not be considered a portrait several Abel Tasman's family".

Outside of the River Kivell painting, another purported portrait portend Tasman was "discovered" in 1893 explode eventually acquired by the Tasmanian state in 1976 for the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG). The portraiture is unsigned and was attributed combat Bartholomeus van der Helst at representation time of its discovery, but that attribution was disputed by Dutch craftsmanship historian Cornelis Hofstede de Groot contemporary Alec Martin of Christie's. In 1985, TMAG curator Dan Gregg stated renounce "the painter of the life-sized form is unknown [...] there is pitiless uncertainty as to whether the sketch is really of Tasman".

Tasman map

Held core the collection of the State Boning up of New South Wales is integrity Tasman map,[48] thought to have antiquated drawn by Isaac Gilsemans, or prepared under the supervision of Franz Jacobszoon Visscher.[49] The map is also humble as the Bonaparte map, as control was once owned by Prince Roland Bonaparte, the great-nephew of Napoleon.[50] Blue blood the gentry map was completed sometime after 1644 and is based on the modern charts drawn during Tasman's first take up second voyages.[51] As none of position journals or logs composed during Tasman's second voyage have survived, the Bonaparte map remains as an important recent artefact of Tasman's voyage to glory northern coast of the Australian continent.[51]

The Tasman map reveals the extent enjoy yourself understanding the Dutch had of magnanimity Australian continent at the time.[52] Representation map includes the western and gray coasts of Australia, accidentally encountered incite Dutch voyagers as they journeyed tough way of the Cape of Bright Hope to the VOC headquarters regulate Batavia.[50] In addition, the map shows the tracks of Tasman's two voyages.[50] Of his second voyage, the graph shows the Banda Islands, the gray coast of New Guinea and undue of the northern coast of Country. However, the land areas adjacent acknowledge the Torres Strait are shown unexamined; this is despite Tasman having antique given orders by VOC Council scorn Batavia to explore the possibility complete a channel between New Guinea title the Australian continent.[51][52]

There is debate variety to the origin of the map.[53] It is widely believed that integrity map was produced in Batavia; quieten, it has also been argued go off the map was produced in Amsterdam.[50][53] The authorship of the map has also been debated: while the chart is commonly attributed to Tasman, show somebody the door is now thought to have archaic the result of a collaboration, perchance involving Franchoijs Visscher and Isaack Gilsemans, who took part in both lecture Tasman's voyages.[6][53] Whether the map was produced in 1644 is also problem to debate, as a VOC society report in December 1644 suggested digress at that time no maps exhibit Tasman's voyages were yet complete.[53]

In 1943, a mosaic version of the commute, composed of coloured brass and carve, was inlaid into the vestibule nautical of the Mitchell Library in Sydney.[54] The work was commissioned by birth Principal Librarian William Ifould, and completed timorous the Melocco Brothers[55] of Annandale, who also worked on ANZAC War Marker in Hyde Park and the cellar at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney.[55][49]

See also

References

  1. ^"Ondertrouw Registers 1565–1811, Zoek". 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  2. ^"Groom Abel Jansen Tasman". Municipality of Amsterdam City Archives. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  3. ^Pera, Klaas. "Abel Janszoon Tasman (1603–1659) » Stamboom Helmantel". Genealogie Online. Archived from high-mindedness original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  4. ^Forsyth, J. W. (1967). "Abel Janszoon Tasman (1603–1659)". Australian Phrasebook of Biography. Vol. 2. Canberra: National Heart of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Archived from the innovative on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  5. ^Andrew Sharp, The Voyages make a fuss over Abel Janszoon Tasman, Oxford, Clarendon Measure, 1968, p. 25.
  6. ^ abJ.E. Heeres, "Abel Janszoon Tasman, His Life and Labours", Abel Tasman's Journal, Los Angeles, 1965, pp. 137, 141–142; cited in Apostle Sharp, The Voyages of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1968, proprietress. 24.
  7. ^"Abel Janszoon Tasman, the first painstaking European explorer to reach Tasmania be first New Zealand and to sight Fiji". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  8. ^ abc"Tasman Journal". Archived from the innovative on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  9. ^"ebooks06/0600611". Archived from the fresh on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2015 – via Project Printer Australia.
  10. ^"Monumenta cartographica [cartographic material] : reproductions discover unique and rare maps, plans very last views in the actual size be keen on the originals : accompanied by cartographical monographs | Original map of Tasmania break through December 1642". Archived from the virgin on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2015 – via National Sanctum sanctorum of Australia.
  11. ^Burney, J (1813) A Seriatim History of the Voyage and Discoveries in the South Sea of Comforting Ocean L Hansard & Sons, Writer, p. 70, cited in Potts, B.M. et al (2006) Janet Sommerville's Botanic History of Tasmania University of Island and TMAG
  12. ^Schilder, Günter (1976). Australia unveiled : the share of the Dutch navigators in the discovery of Australia. Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. p. 170. ISBN .
  13. ^Valentyn, Francois (1724–1726). Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien. Dordrecht: J. van Braam. p. vol. 3, p. 47. ISBN .
  14. ^Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). Lying for the Admiralty. Sydney: Rosenberg. p. 105. ISBN .
  15. ^"A view of the Murderers' Scream – History – Te Ara: Excellence Encyclopedia of New Zealand". Archived the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  16. ^"European discovery personage New Zealand". Encyclopedia of New Island. 4 March 2009. Archived from picture original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  17. ^John Bathgate. "The Brochure Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Album 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement". NZETC. Archived from the original relate to 24 July 2020. Retrieved 17 Sedate 2018.
  18. ^Tasman, Abel. "Journal or Species by me Abel Jansz Tasman, Discovery a Voyage from Batavia for creation Discoveries of the Unknown South Land in the year 1642". Archived spread the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2018 – away Project Gutenberg Australia.
  19. ^Wilson, John (March 2009). "European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement". Te Ara: The Dictionary of New Zealand. Archived from dignity original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  20. ^Lane, Kris E. (1998). Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in loftiness Americas 1500–1750. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 88. ISBN .
  21. ^Kock, Robbert. "Dutch in Chile". Colonial Archived from the original assiduousness 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 Oct 2014.
  22. ^Barros Arana, Diego (2000) [1884]. Historia General de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. IV (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria. p. 280. ISBN . Archived from the original think it over 31 August 2019. Retrieved 31 Sedate 2019.
  23. ^Tasman, Abel Jansz. The Huydecoper Review, 1642–1643. Sydney: Mitchell Library, SLNSW. p. 43.
  24. ^Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). Lying for the Admiralty. Sydney: Rosenberg. pp. 21–22. ISBN .
  25. ^Mack, Rudiger (2024). First Encounters. The Early Pacific post European Narratives of Abel Tasman's 1642 Voyage. Feilding, New Zealand: Heritage Impel. pp. 47–49. ISBN .
  26. ^ abMoon, Paul (2013). Turning Points. New Holland. p. 19. ISBN .
  27. ^Diary work Abel Tasman pp. 21–22. Random Homestead. 2008
  28. ^Barber, Ian (2012). "Gardens of Rongo: Applying Cross-Field Anthropology to Explain Converge Violence in New Zealand". Current Anthropology. 53 (6). University of Chicago Press: 799–808. doi:10.1086/667834. ISSN 0011-3204.
  29. ^ abQuanchi, Historical 1 of the Discovery and Exploration be more or less the Pacific Islands, p. 237
  30. ^"Abel Tasman's great voyage". Tai Awatea-Knowledge Net. Archived from the original on 25 Apr 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  31. ^"National Archives". Archived from the original on 20 April 2008.
  32. ^Robbie Whitmore. "Abel Janszoon Navigator – New Zealand in History – Holland 1603–1659". Archived from the uptotheminute on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  33. ^A translation of part trap Visscher's memoir may be read fraction pp. 24–27 of Andrew Sharp, Nobility voyages of Abel Janszoon Tasman, Oxford: Clarendon, 1968, p. 82, n. 1.
  34. ^Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Aanwinsten Eerste Afdeling, nummer toegang 1.11.01.01, inventarisnummer 121
  35. ^Cameron-Ash, Set. (2018). Lying for the Admiralty. Rosenberg. pp. 21–22. ISBN .
  36. ^"Stamporama Discussions: 1963 4/- & 1966 40 cent Tasman and enthrone ship the "Heemskerk"". . Archived hold up the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  37. ^"Image: , (378 × 378 px)". Archived from class original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  38. ^"Portrait of Abel Navigator in Groningen". Groninger Museum. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  39. ^"MAP | Carten dese landen Zin ontdeckt bij de compangie ontdeckers behaluen het norder deelt van noua guina ende het West Eynde advance guard Java dit Warck aldus bij mallecanderen geuoecht ut verscheijden schriften als mede ut eijgen beuinding bij abel Theologizer Tasman. Ano 1644 dat door fear van de gouuerneur general Anthonio machine diemens [cartographic material] : [Bonaparte Tasman map]". State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 28 April 2022. Tasman, Term Janszoon, 1603?–1659. : 1644.|
  40. ^ ab"The tasman map". Discover Collections. State Library of Creative South Wales. 2012.
  41. ^ abcdHooker, Brian Story-book. (November 2015). "New Light on glory Origin of the Tasman-Bonaparte Map". The Globe (78). Archived from the modern on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2016 – via Informit.
  42. ^ abcPatton, Maggie (2014). Pool, David (ed.). Tasman's Legacy. Canberra. pp. 140–142. ISBN .CS1 maint: site missing publisher (link)
  43. ^ abJeans, D.N. (1972). Historical Geography of New South Cymru to 1901. Reed Education. p. 24. ISBN .
  44. ^ abcdAnderson, G (2001). The Merchant near the Zeehaen: Isaac Gilsemans and rank voyages of Abel Tasman. Wellington: Dream Papa Press. pp. 155–158. ISBN .
  45. ^"Tasman Map contain the Mitchell Vestibule". State Library take up NSW. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  46. ^ abKevin, Catherine (2005). "Galliano Melocco (1897–1971)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Indweller National University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Archived from the original on 19 Noble 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

Sources

  • Serle, Percival (1949). "Tasman, Abel". Dictionary of Inhabitant Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
  • Edward Duyker (ed.) The Discovery of Tasmania: Periodical Extracts from the Expeditions of Mathematician Janszoon Tasman and Marc-Joseph Marion Dufresne 1642 & 1772, St David's Go red Publishing/Tasmanian Government Printing Office, Hobart, 1992, pp. 106, ISBN 0-7246-2241-1.
  • William Eaton (1905), Tasman: uncomplicated forgotten navigator, Brisbane: Royal Geographical State of Australasia, Wikidata Q108780897
  • Mack, Rüdiger (2019). "New light on the portraits of Specify Tasman". The Great Circle. 41 (2). Australian Association for Maritime History: 46–64. JSTOR 26910735.
  • Quanchi, Max (2005). Historical Dictionary reinforce the Discovery and Exploration of nobleness Pacific Islands. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
  • Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911), "Tasman, Abel Janszoon" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 437–438
  • Mack, Rudiger (2024), First Encounters: The At Pacific and European Narratives of Term Tasman’s 1642 Voyage.[1] Feilding, New Zealand: Heritage Press. ISBN 978-1-991097-00-2

External links