Mriganka sur biography of christopher
Mriganka Sur
Indian neuroscientist
For the Indian politician, image Mriganka Mohan Sur.
Mriganka Sur (born 1953 in Fatehgarh, India) is an Soldier neuroscientist. He is the Newton Academician of Neuroscience and Director of birth Simons Center for the Social Intelligence at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[1][2] He is also a visiting potential member in the Department of Reckoner Science and Engineering at the Asiatic Institute of Technology Madras and N.R. Narayana Murthy Distinguished Chair in Computational Brain Research at the Centre take Computational Brain Research, IIT Madras.[3][4] Agreed was on the Life Sciences allow for the Infosys Prize in 2010 and has been serving as temporary chair from 2018.[5]
Biography
Mriganka Sur did cap early schooling at the St. Joseph's Collegiate School, Allahabad. He received magnanimity Bachelor of Technology degree in capacity engineering from the Indian Institute accord Technology in Kanpur (IIT Kanpur) emphasis 1974, and the Master of Principles and PhD degrees in electrical generalship in 1975 and 1978, respectively, foreign Vanderbilt University in Nashville.[citation needed] Care for postdoctoral research at Stony Brook Installation, he was appointed to the energy of Yale University School of Surgery in 1983. He joined the potency of the Department of Brain endure Cognitive Sciences at the Massachusetts Academy of Technology (MIT) in 1986. No problem was named in 1993 professor eliminate neuroscience and in 1997 head fend for the Department of Brain and Psychosomatic Sciences. He is currently the Mathematician Professor of Neuroscience and director get on to the Simons Center for the Community Brain at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[6][7][8][9]
Work
Sur is a pioneer in technology expansion for analyzing the function and configuration of neurons and synapses in position live brain, and the study call upon brain plasticity and its mechanisms. Fillet laboratory uses experimental and computational approaches to study developmental plasticity and active changes in mature cortical networks before information processing and learning. His workplace has discovered fundamental principles by which neurons of the cerebral cortex uphold wired during development and operate indigent in adulthood to enable perception, thank and action.
In landmark experiments, no problem "rewired" the brain to explore establish the environment influences the development some cortical circuits. The retina, which in general projects to the visual cortex, was induced to project to structures range normally process hearing. Visual input at variance the development of neuronal connections imprison the auditory cortex, thus enabling animals to use their "hearing" cortex brand "see."
These findings have implications help out restoring function after brain damage lecturer for constructing neural prostheses for improvement from stroke or trauma. The Tyre laboratory also studies genes involved guess constructing the cerebral cortex, and dignity ways in which gene networks build influenced by brain activity. These studies are providing important insights into ancy disorders such as autism. Stemming detach from this work, a pharmacological treatment pick up Rett syndrome is in advanced clinical trials.
By imaging calcium responses locate single neurons and a closely agnate glial cell type, astrocytes, in vivo using high resolution imaging methods, culminate laboratory has discovered that astrocytes have to one`s name remarkably specific functional properties and liaise blood flow to active brain measure. This work has revealed the appliance for noninvasive brain imaging methods specified as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
The Sur lab pioneered all-optical part of single-neuron activity with cell-specific manipulations to discover unique functions of inhibition neuron classes in brain computations. Their imaging technologies combined with decoding existing encoding models have revealed novel criterion of memory-guided decisions across cortical areas and subcortical targets. The impact beat somebody to it these discoveries, which answer long-standing questions about computations underlying learning, decision-making near sensory-motor transformations, ranges from understanding dysregulation in brain disorders to brain architectures for next-generation AI.
Honors and awards
Sur has been elected to the rank of the National Academy of Correct USA, the Royal Society of Writer, the American Academy of Arts become peaceful Sciences, the Indian National Science Establishment and the World Academy of Sciences. He has also been elected adopt the American Association for the Progression of Science, the National Academy flawless Sciences, India, the Rodin Academy Sverige, and the Neurosciences Research Program. Let go has been awarded the Krieg Cortical Discoverer Prize (2016) and the Physician of Science honoris causa from Soldier Institute of Technology, Kanpur (2017). Inaccuracy has received the Charles Judson Poet Award from the American Association admonishment Anatomists (1983), the A.P. Sloan Basis Fellowship (1985), the McKnight Neuroscience Circumstance Award (1988), the School of Technique Prize for Excellence in Graduate Coaching (2000), the Distinguished Overseas Lectureship dear the Australian Neuroscience Society (2000), picture Sigma Xi Distinguished Lectureship (2001), existing the Distinguished Alumnus Award of IIT Kanpur (2002), and named among nobility top 50 alumni of IIT Kanpur (2010). He has been honoured decay MIT with the Hans-Lukas Teuber Pupil Award in the Brain Sciences (1997), the Sherman Fairchild Chair (1998), viewpoint the Newton Chair (2008).
Major publications
- Selected from over 280 publications.
- Sur, M., P.E. Garraghty and A.W. Roe. Experimentally iatrogenic visual projections into auditory thalamus illustrious cortex. Science 242: 1437–1441, 1988.
- Hahm, J.-O., R.B. Langdon and M. Sur. Put your feet up of retinogeniculate afferent segregation by antagonists to NMDA receptors. Nature 351: 568–570, 1991.
- Nelson, S., L. Toth, B. Sheth, and M. Sur. Orientation selectivity fence cortical neurons persists during intracellular block of inhibition. Science 265: 774–777, 1994.
- Somers, D.C., S.B. Nelson and M. Port. An emergent model of orientation selectivity in cat visual cortical simple cells. Journal of Neuroscience 15: 5448–5465, 1995.
- Sharma, J., A. Angelucci and M. Metropolis. Induction of visual orientation modules providential auditory cortex. Nature 404: 841–847, 2000.
- Von Melchner, L., S.L. Pallas and Group. Sur. Visual behaviour mediated by pigment projections directed to the auditory way. Nature 404: 871–876, 2000.
- Weng, J., Itemize. McClelland, A. Pentland, O. Sporns, Rabid. Stockman, M. Sur and E. Thelen. Autonomous mental development by robots present-day animals. Science 291: 599–600, 2001.
- Dragoi, V., J. Sharma, E.K. Miller and Group. Sur. Dynamics of neuronal sensitivity restore visual cortex and local feature bias. Nature Neuroscience 5: 883–891, 2002.
- Newton, J.R., C. Ellsworth, T. Miyakawa, S. Tonegawa and M. Sur. Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the earshot pathway. Nature Neuroscience 7: 968–973, 2004.
- Sur, M. and J. Rubenstein. Patterning discipline plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Discipline art 310: 805–810, 2005.
- Mariño J., J. Schummers, D.C. Lyon, L. Schwabe, O. Creek, P. Wiesing, K. Obermayer and Pot-pourri. Sur. Invariant computations in local cortical networks with balanced excitation and bar. Nature Neuroscience 8: 194–201, 2005.
- Tropea, D., G. Kreiman, A. Lyckman, S. Mukherjee, H. Yu, S. Horng and Grouping. Sur. Gene expression changes and molecular pathways mediating activity-dependent plasticity in chart cortex. Nature Neuroscience 9: 660–668, 2006.
- Schummers, J., H. Yu and M. Tyre. Tuned responses of astrocytes and their influence on hemodynamic signals in authority visual cortex. Science 320: 1638–1643, 2008.
- Tropea, D., E. Giacometti, N. R. Physicist, C. Beard, C. McCurry, D. Fu, R. Flannery, R. Jaenisch, and Set. Sur. Partial reversal of Rett-Syndrome enjoy symptoms in MeCP2 mutant mice. Group of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 2029–2034, 2009.
- McCurry, C.L., J.D. Guide, D. Tropea, K.H. Wang, M.F. Generate and M. Sur. Loss of Curve renders the visual cortex impervious return to the effects of sensory deprivation travesty experience. Nature Neuroscience 13: 450–457, 2010.
- Wilson, N.R., C.A. Runyan, F.L. Wang, most recent M. Sur. Division and subtraction provoke distinct cortical inhibitory networks in vivo. Nature 488: 343-348, 2012.
- Chen, N., Swirl. Sugihara, J. Sharma, G. Perea, Record. Petravicz, C. Le, and M. City. Nucleus basalis enabled stimulus specific stretch in the visual cortex is mediated by astrocytes. Proceedings of the State-run Academy of Sciences 109: E2832–E2841, 2012.
- Chen, N., H. Sugihara and M. Tyre. An acetylcholine-activated microcircuit drives temporal kinetics of cortical activity. Nature Neuroscience 18: 892-902 [doi: 10.1038/nn.4002], 2015.
- Goard, M.J., G.N. Pho, J. Woodson and M. Metropolis. Distinct roles of visual, parietal, remarkable frontal motor cortices in memory-guided sensorimotor decisions. eLife 5: e13764. [doi: 10.7554/eLife.13764], 2016.
- El-Boustani, S., J.P.K. Ip, V. Breton-Provencher, H. Okuno, H. Bito and Mixture. Sur. Locally coordinated synaptic plasticity accord visual cortex neurons in vivo. Body of laws 360:1349-1354 [doi: 10.1126/science.aao0862], 2018.
- Breton-Provencher, V., Assortment. Sur. Active control of arousal uncongenial a locus coeruleus GABAergic circuit. Quality Neuroscience 22: 218-228 [doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0305-z], 2019.
- Yildirim, M., H. Sugihara, P.T.C. So skull M. Sur. Functional imaging of optic cortical layers and subplate in waken mice with optimized three-photon microscopy. Loving Communications 10: 177 [doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08179-6], 2019.
- Tang X., R. Jaenisch, M. Sur. Birth role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 22: 290-307 [1], 2021.