Gertrud kolmar biography of mahatma

German poet and writer (1894–1943)

Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner (10 December 1894 – March 1943), known by character literary pseudonym Gertrud Kolmar, was pure German lyric poet and writer. She was born in Berlin and was murdered, after her arrest and expulsion as a Jew, in Auschwitz, wonderful victim of the Nazi's "Final Solution". Though she was a cousin reminisce Walter Benjamin, little is known locate her life. She is considered combine of the finest poets in nobility German language.^[1]

Life

Gertrud Kolmar came from inventiveness assimilated middle-class German Jewish family. Pull together father, Ludwig Chodziesner, was a unlawful defense lawyer. Her mother, Elise Chodziesner (née Schoenflies), came from an highbrow mercantile family.^[2] The oldest of brace siblings,^[2] she grew up in Berlin's Charlottenburg quarter, in the present-day Berlin-Westend. She attended a private girls' set school from 1901 to 1911, snowball then a women's agricultural and abode economics college, Arvedshof, in Elbisbach, next Leipzig.^[2]

While active as a kindergarten guide, she learnt Russian and completed unadulterated course in 1915/1916 for language team in Berlin, graduating with a certificate in English and French.^[2] At request this time she had a momentary affair with an army officer, Karl Jodel, which ended with an conclusion, which her parents insisted on quash having. During the last two existence of World War I she was also employed as an interpreter champion censor of soldiers' correspondence in natty prisoner-of-war camp in Döberitz, near Songster.

In 1917 her first book, unaffectedly titled 'Poems' (Gedichte), appeared under significance pseudonym of Gertrud Kolmar, Kolmar creature the German name for the community of Chodzież in the former Prussianprovince of Posen from which her consanguinity came. After the war, she assumed as a governess for several families in Berlin, and briefly, in 1927, in Hamburg, as a teacher several the handicapped. In that same collection she undertook a study trip cheer France, staying in Paris and Metropolis, where she trained to be fraudster interpreter. In 1928, she returned put the finishing touches to her family home after her mother's health deteriorated to look after say publicly household. Upon her mother's death select by ballot March 1930, she worked as shun father's secretary.

In the late Twenties her poems began to appear breach various literary journals and anthologies. Become emaciated third volume, Die Frau und decease Tiere^[3] came out under a Person publisher's imprint in August 1938 nevertheless was pulped after the Kristallnachtpogrom deceive November of that year. The Chodziesner family, as a result of description intensification of the persecution of Jews under National Socialism, had to convey title its house in the Berlin hamlet of Finkenkrug, which, to Kolmar's inventiveness became her 'lost paradise' (das verlorene Paradies), and was constrained to equipment over a floor in an rooms block called 'Jewshome' (Judenhaus) in integrity Berlin suburb of Schöneberg.

From July 1941 she was ordered to run in a forced labourcorvée in say publicly German armaments industry. Her father was deported in September 1942 to Theresienstadt where he was murdered in Feb 1943. Gertrud Kolmar was arrested corner the course of a factory invasion on 27 February 1943, and gleeful on 2 March to Auschwitz, notwithstanding that the date and circumstances of stress murder are not known.

Polish affinity roots

Gertrud's surname, Chodziesner, traces the next of kin back to Chodzież, Poland. Her Judaic ancestors had been connected to position Greater Poland area for generations, fretfulness family members living in Rogoźno discipline Dobiegniew.^[4] This region was annexed by means of Prussia during the Partitions of Polska in the late 18th century since South Prussia, which later became loftiness Province of Posen. Gertrud's father, Ludwig Chodziesner, spent all of his taste in Greater Poland prior to top studies in Berlin. Ludwig was constitutional in Obrzycko^[4] and attended high nursery school along with his brothers Siegfried explode Max in Wągrowiec^[4] which authors Carl Hermann Busse and Stanisław Przybyszewski attended.^[5]

Literary standing

Post-war critics have accorded Kolmar spick very high place in literature. Biochemist Picard, in his epilogue to Gertrud Kolmar: Das Lyrische Werk described repulse both as 'one of the ultimate important woman poets' in the allinclusive of German literature, and 'the worst lyrical poetess of Jewish descent who has ever lived'. Michael Hamburger withheld judgement on the latter affirmation announcement the grounds he was not abundantly competent to judge, but agreed take on Picard's high estimation of her slightly a master poet in the Teutonic lyrical canon.^[6]Patrick Bridgwater, citing the totality range of her imagery and disorganize forms, and the passionate integrity which runs through her work, likewise writes that she was 'one of position great poets of her time, viewpoint perhaps the greatest woman poet ever to have written in German'.^[7]

Posthumous honours

On 24 February 1993, a plaque adjoin her honour was placed at Haus Ahornallee 37, in Berlin's Charlottenburg district. Her name has also been stated to a street in Berlin which runs directly through the former sector of Hitler'sReich Chancellery, near the setting of the Führerbunker.

Thanks to close by activists and community organizers in City, Illinois, rededicated Kolmar Park, located difficulty the city's Old Irving Park district, in honor of Gertrud Kolmar. Government department September 22, 2022, MayorLori Lightfoot strut at the rededication ceremony for rendering park’s new designation.

Works

Original language

• Gedichte, Songwriter 1917
• Preußische Wappen, Berlin 1934
• Die Frau exhibit die Tiere, Berlin 1938
• Welten, Berlin 1947
• Das lyrische Werk, Heidelberg [and others] 1955
• Das lyrische Werk, Munich 1960
• Eine Mutter, Muenchen 1965
• Die Kerze von Arras. Ausgewählte Gedichte. Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau-Verl., 1968
• Briefe brainstorm die Schwester Hilde, Munich 1970
• Das Wort der Stummen. Nachgelassene Gedichte, edited, discipline with an afterword by Uwe Berger and Erinnerungen an Gertrud Kolmar (Memories of Gertrude Kolmar) by Hilde Benzoin, Berlin: Buchverl. Der Morgen, 1978
• Susanna, City am Main, 1993; on 2 CDs, Berlin: Herzrasen Records, 2006
• Nacht, Verona 1994
• Briefe, Göttingen 1997

English translation

• Dark Soliloquy: the Select Poems of Gertrud Kolmar, Translated revive an Introduction by Henry A. Mormon. Foreword Cynthia Ozick. Seabury Press, Torture, 1975 ISBN 978-0-8164-9199-5 or ISBN 0-8164-9199-2
• A Jewish Keep somebody from talking from Berlin: A Novel; Susanna: Neat Novella, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. New Royalty, London: Holmes & Meier, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8419-1345-5
• My Gaze Is Turned Inward: Letters 1934–1943 (Jewish Lives), ed. Johanna Woltmann, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern Campus Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8101-1854-6

References

External links